Archive for the 'Organisational Design' Category

Generation Y studied by Economist Business Intelligence Unit

Youth researchOne of the most common criticisms of generational theory is that it is nothing much more than pop psychology. While it is true that many people use generational theory in its crudest forms, applying it when all they know about it is what they heard in a one hour keynote session at a conference, this does not mean that the theory itself has no substance. It is also true that some people use it as a “blunt instrument” - applying it with no regard to other dynamics and segmentation models. Again, just because some people use it badly, doesn’t discredit the theory itself.

There are many formal research projects on generations, and almost all of them confirm the basic theory and its findings. A recent study now focuses on the younger generation, known as Generation Y. The global survey was conducted by the Economist Business Intelligence Unit and Genesys, an Alcatel-Lucent company. It looked at how consumers born between 1982 and 2001 will impact the customer experience, asking C-level and senior executives from around the world how they are creating a customer experience to attract and retain Millennials. Of the 164 executives who took part in the survey, 29% came from North America, 31% from Europe, 30% from Asia-Pacific and 10% from the rest of the world. Participants represented 19 different industries. One-third of respondents’ organisations had annual revenue greater than US$1 billion and just over one-half (51%) had less than US$500 million in revenue. Board members and CEOs comprised 30% of respondents. CFOs, CTOs and other C-level executives made up an additional 19%. The remainder was split among other senior and middle management functions.

The headline results and executive summary of the findings is very interesting:

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Understand behaviour by understanding the brain

Do you have problems managing large groups of people?  I have a solution for you.  Read on.

There is limited space in our brains.  Our brains are similar to a Tupperware container  - you can only fit in so much.  There is a name for this – in cognitive psychology, they call it ‘Channel Capacity’.   You have different capacities to absorb and process different types of things.  You have an intellectual capacity, feeling capacity and a social capacity.   

The part of your brain that deals with complex thought and reasoning is called the neocortex.  Primates (monkeys and apes, including humans), have the biggest brains of all mammals and the neocortex is particularly large.  For years, scientists have wondered what determines the size of the neocortex.  Is it eating habits?  Is it intellectual ability?

A British anthropologist called Robert Dunbar discovered the answer – the larger the neocortex, the larger the social group in which the primate is able to operate effectively.  Humans have the biggest neocortex of all primates so we can operate better in larger social groups than say chimps or monkeys.

Dunbar’s research determined that the biggest group in which humans can cope effectively is made up of 150 people. 

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Lucy Kellaway

If you’ve picked up a Financial Times, from time to time, you may have been introduced to Lucy Kellaway. I discovered her while wondering around iTunes looking for interesting PodCasts. And interesting is just one tiny word to describe my journey with Lucy Kellaway.

I know I’m opening myself to plenty by suggesting that she’s my modern equivalent to business that Luther was to the Catholic Church. She’s been a wonderful breath of fresh air, forcing me to be honest about business today. Forcing me to be honest as a consultant working with people who are ‘in there’ each and every day trying their best to make it all work.

Apart from finding the courage to find a way to invite her to South Africa, I’ve also spent a fair amount of energy and headspace wondering plenty about her philosophies around how business works?

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What we do?

Our office in the UK recently put some energy and effort into capturing ‘what we do’. An important piece of work to do regularly as a business. Isn’t it easy to end up doing things you didn’t go into business to do? Mostly it gets you into trouble, and of course from time to time it opens up new doors. Still, it’s an important reflection exercise to ensure you’re doing what you’re all about what you’re not, and what you’re capable of delivering on brilliantly.

“In turbulent times, people matter. When you’re trying to attract and retain staff and get them engaged and committed, or when you need to generate sales from new and existing customers, you have to understand what drives peoples’ attitudes and behaviour. This means that it is a business critical strategic imperative to understand their value systems. That is what TomorrowToday specialises in.

We inspire: Our professional speakers are amongst the best in the world, acting as catalysts to change. Through high energy, humour and entertainment our multimedia presentations convey powerful business messages at conferences and company workshops.

We inform: Our clients are quicker and better informed than their competitors about changing business, consumer and societal trends. Our diverse research simplifies complex trends and explains the “why” behind change. Once people understand the why, change is activated with energy and passion.

We impact: Through understanding, our consultants empower leaders and teams to create long-lasting and significant improvements in company performance. We help you analyse your current situation, identify opportunities and gaps, and empower leaders and staff with the skills to embed new thinking, structures, systems, processes, products and services.

We are world leaders in Generations: a valuable framework connecting companies, talented staff and valuable customers. We focus on understanding why people act and react as they do, and helping our clients connect with people more effectively for bottom line business improvement. By understanding their value systems, we can more effectively influence them, and develop high commitment while instilling passion in both staff and customers.”

Managing Temporary Companies

I was sent a text copy of an article entitled, “The Dawn of the E-Lance Economy: Are big companies becoming obsolete?, written by Thomas W. Malone and Robert J. Laubacher. A quick online search shows that it was published in the Harvard Business Review in Sep-Oct 1998.

In the article, they talk about companies developing with temporary workers and flexible teams, becoming more networked than hierarchical. It’s a good read - made even more impressive when you realise it was written a full ten years ago, when not everyone had Internet access or would text everyone on anything.

Towards the end, they turn their attention to the implications for management. This is worth reading, even if out of context. See below…

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Is this the future design for companies?

I came across an interesting article in the Mckinsey Quarterly today which argues that companies need to take the power behind informal networks and create formal networks. Their consultants state that:

- Most large corporations have dozens if not hundreds of informal networks, in which human nature, including self-interest, leads people to share ideas and collaborate.
- Informal networks are a powerful source of horizontal collaboration across thick silo walls, but as ad hoc structures their performance depends on serendipity and they can’t be managed.
- By creating formal networks, companies can harness the advantages of informal ones and give management much more control over networking across the organization.
- The steps needed to formalize a network include giving it a “leader,” focusing interactions in it on specific topics, and building an infrastructure that stimulates the ongoing exchange of ideas.

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Developing a good business culture is like making fine wine

I recently read a fantastic interview with Management consultant, Ralph Sink. He has been a lifelong believer in high-performance systems, also known as self-organizing teams and participative management. These require employees to take ownership of their jobs, to collaborate with one another to establish control over their work, to be innovative, and to deliver results — to maintain accountability for the business and be treated with corresponding respect, regardless of their level within the organizational hierarchy.

You can read the full interview here at Strategy+Business.

Here are some of the gems from the interview:

  • On attempts to create attractive corporate cultures without all the hard work: It’s like making wine. Managers who operate by metrics, paperwork, and numbers say, “OK, we’ve analyzed wine. It has sugar in it. It has pulp. It has yeast. It has grapes.” So, they dump those ingredients in a pot, stir it, drink it, and say, “but this doesn’t taste like wine,” and wonder why. It’s because the wine had to go through a process. They may have had the components right, but they overlooked the principles for transforming grapes and water into wine. These managers will look at our approach and say, “Oh, I see what this is. You operate with 20 percent fewer people. You eliminate the supervisors, and everybody is self-managed.” So without any development process, principles, or leadership, they go in and cut head counts. And when they end up with a catastrophe, they say, “This approach didn’t work.” From their perspective, they analyzed the pot and put the elements in and stirred it up, so when it failed, they weren’t to blame.

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Need a mission statement?

In one of my favourite presentations, “Mind the Gap“, I often do a vignette about how Baby Boomers use away days (or offsites, or visioning retreats, or bush councils, or whatever they’re called in your country) to develop strategy, visions, missions, purpose statements, strategic objectives and KPAs, KPIs and all manner of corporate-speak systems. You can see a video of this vignette at YouTube.

I found a great website today which takes the lampooning of this part of Boomer management lore a step further. And it will save you about $ 25,000 in consultant’s fees, and two days of your time. The Dilbert website has a corporate mission statement generator that does a brilliant job of churning out the standard garbage that most away days do. Check it out here.

Where’s my silver bullet?

I am sitting in a full day session with Gary Hamel. I didn’t pay enough money to be alone with him, so I am sharing the hall with a few hundred other people, representing many of South Africa’s top corporates and leading businesses. Gary has been great. I enjoy his style (his PowerPoint slides are are shocker, but he is a relaxed and engaging presenter). His content is compelling. He knows his stuff. It’s been woirth the time and money investment.

But it’s now the afternoon tea break, and all around me I hear the same comment: “I’m looking forward to this last session….”. The reason for the anticipation is that Gary has set up things brilliantly in the morning sessions. He has explained the 21st century context, he has shown us why innovation in management processes is a key to sustained success, and he has inspired and excited us to want to innovate and make a change. But he hasn’t told us what to do yet. That’s what everyone thinks is coming now! I think they will be disappointed. OR, I will be disappointed in Gary. Either way, it’s going to be a disappointing end to a great day.

Here’s why.
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Click here to get someone else to do this work

Pfizer logoPfizer has recently launched a wonderful new initiative for their most talented staff: the outsourcing of the drudge work associated with most jobs. It’s quite a simple concept, really - top end, talented staff spend a fair proportion of their time doing admin or dreary work that does not best utilise their talents. If you could someone else to do that work for them, you’d free up your top talent, keep them focused (and excited) and get more out of them. Nice.

Here is a report from the latest Fast Company magazine. Read it here, or below.
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Consultants, Business School professors and leaders

The 2000’s will be looked back on as the decade of the business school professor as corporate guide. The past few decades have successively (and sometimes concurrently) belonged to big consulting firms (like McKinsey’s), big auditing companies trying to get into “advisory” (Deloitte, KPMG, Accenture), the guru (e.g. Peters), the researcher turned guru (e.g. Collins, Buckingham), the celebrity CEO turned conference speaker (Welch, and wait for Blair-the-PM-turned-conference-circuit-king) and now the professor turned business coach (Hamel, Kottler, Ghoshal, Sachs, Porter, et al).

There is nothing new about all of this. Business leaders have consistently looked for help from outside. They need outside inputs to see context, make decisions, get clarity, drive change and grow their businesses. Too often, however, these requests for help have been abrogations of responsibility as the corporate herd chases the “next big thing”.

A few decades ago, there was a technology department mantra: “nobody got fired for buying IBM”. Sure, maybe IBM machines were not the best. Maybe they weren’t perfect for the job you needed doing. Maybe they cost too much. And maybe you didn’t get the results you were hoping for. But, you wouldn’t get fired, because everyone was buying IBM, and everyone can’t be wrong. Right?

So, now the trend in management circles is to get professors of business management (a slightly loftier title than the more accurate: experts in a specific aspect of business administration) as business consultants. This is a dangerous trend - entrusting the future of your business to an academic with a limited scope, who reads a specific set of prescribed textbooks (that everyone else is reading) and who’s personality lends him or herself to mental philosophical experimentation (on the one extreme) or micro-dissecting of statistical data (on the other).

I have nothing against academics (I have been on the receiving end of 5 graduation ceremonies, after all). Nor do I have anything against consultants (I am one, sometimes). And I don’t have a problem with business bringing in outside help (that’s how I earn a living). But I do have a problem with the way in which most businesses simply play it safe and go with the crowd when it comes to strategy, leadership development and training. Right now the crowd is running with the clone-like business schools. They all have a few really top-class specialists who get involved right at the start of the process (to impress the client, and lend their “patronage” to the programme). They then employ “programme directors”, many of whom are not much more than administrators to cobble together a programme that the client will like. By this they mean that delegate feedback forms will be filled in, and the lecturers (”external faculty”) will receive a minimum good approval rating. Long-term results be damned. What the client really NEEDS be damned. Give them what they want, roll it out over a few years with lots of activity, and advertise the “investment” widely in the press, and everyone will be happy.

Everyone, except the long-term shareholders, that is. Because this is a recipe for disaster.

    OK, as I reread this post, it feels a bit doom and gloom. Read on for an extract from the article that sparked this thought flow for me…

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Exploring business’s social contract: An interview with Daniel Yankelovich

A founding father of public-opinion research explains why shareholder value isn’t enough.

I found this in my archives recently. It is dated 2007, and comes from the McKinsey Quaterly. I have no idea how I got it. It is an excellent read, and supports much of what we do at TomorrowToday. Enjoy!

As a founding father of public-opinion research and its preeminent practitioner, Daniel Yankelovich has been probing attitudes toward business and other issues for more than four decades. Yankelovich, 82, introduced the New York Times/Yankelovich poll in 1975, has written 11 books, and served as a consultant to business and political leaders. He has also established four companies, including his latest, Viewpoint Learning, which helps organizations to develop special-purpose dialogues to expand their options, anticipate obstacles, and broaden support for difficult decisions. Yankelovich is no stranger to the boardrooms of large enterprises, having served as a director of Arkla, CBS, Educational Testing Service, Meredith, U S West, and other companies, as well as foundations, universities, and nonprofits.

Throughout his career Yankelovich has unwaveringly stressed the need for organizations to embrace ethical integrity in their operations and their ties to the outside world. He recently sat down at his home in La Jolla, California, with Lenny Mendonca, a director in McKinseys San Francisco office, and Matt Miller, an adviser to McKinsey, to discuss the current and future contract between business and society.

The Quarterly: What does your research show about businesss standing with society today?
Daniel Yankelovich: The social contract with business is in a state of flux. Milton Friedman has had an enormous influence on the outlook of US business, especially his interpretation of Adam Smiths concept of the invisible hand, which argues against a corporations broader engagement with society. Friedmans view is that social good comes about automatically when companies make a profit. So its a narrow adherence to the bottom line.
But McKinseys own research is in complete agreement with the idea that you need a broader engagement.HYPERLINK “1 And thats where we are now moving. Friedmans influence and the ideology of shareholder value reinforce each other and cater to only one constituencyshareholders. Now there is growing agreement that the engagement has to be broader and that profitability doesnt always automatically enhance the public good. In other words, a more pragmatic approach.

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War Games for Business

In the May 31, 2007 edition of The Economist, there was a great article on a topic one of our team, Raymond de Villiers, is doing post graduate studies on: the issue of using gaming techniques to assist business development. The full article is available here (may require subscription).

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Crowdsourcing - Getting Your Customers and Staff to develop new innovations for you

Crowdsourcing is a technique that progressive companies are using to translate the enthusiasm of their most highly-engaged customers into valuable marketing, branding, or product-development insight. Dean van Leeuwen, TomorrowToday’s UK and European director, who has an MBA and extensive work experience in marketing, looks at this new trend and provides practical guidelines for customer-led organisations.

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Why Strategies Don’t Work

Many people will agree with Pete Laburn, strategy consultant and part of TomorrowToday’s network, that strategy just doesn’t work in most companies. Its either about just getting a plan done for head office, or we actually don’t have the time to lift our heads above the daily grind to see into the future. In this article, Pete argues that there is one dominant reason why strategies fail, and that is that the only strategy that organisations will deliver is the one that they are capable of delivering. He suggests three critical elements for developing organisational capability for implementing strategies.

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Being off balance: cricket and organisational development

Graeme Smith in painThe 2007 Cricket World Cup was a dismal affair for English and South African cricket fans alike. The hosts would also not be proud of their efforts, while Australia has marched on from strength to strength, not even missing Brett Lee and saying a mighty farewell to Glen McGrath.

As a die hard Protea’s supporter, I struggled to find anything good in the tournament. Yet, two things stood out for me in the end.

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Cheeky companies with happy customers and even happier bottomlines!

CrowdEvery business has customers who are convinced they can design a new product that is better than the product they are being sold. So the question is why not let them? Crowdsourcing is a new and innovative research methodology that allows customers to help design the products they want online. It’s a methodology that is saving companies thousands of pounds on research bills and is proving highly effective because customers are getting the chance to mould and shape the products they are going to be buying. And because products are not being designed by remote head office R&D teams the chances of product flops are greatly reduced.

MIT’s Sloan Management Review recently published a paper, written by Susumu Ogawa, a professor of marketing at Kobe University in Tokyo, and Frank Piller, a professor at TUM Business School in Munich, on the concept of crowdsourcing. This is how these two professors put it “Forecasting the demand for new products is becoming increasingly difficult in many markets. But collective customer commitment (crowdsourcing), a new method to decrease the flop rate of new products, offers a solution by integrating customers deeply in the innovation process and asking for their commitment to purchase before development is finalized and manufacturing starts.â€?

Incredible, can you imagine the benefit in cost savings of getting your customers to design the products they want and then getting them to pre-order the product before it’s manufactured? 

This really is harnessing the power of the “connection economy!�

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Yes, it will cost more

Graeme CodringtonI spend much of my time helping companies to create corporate cultures that will attract and retain talented young people. This involves looking at everything from terms and conditions of employment, remuneration policies and bonus schemes, to office layout, use of technology, management styles and team dynamics. One of my biggest frustrations is that very often those within an organisation who understand what needs to be done to get top talent to work there are overruled by those who are focused on saving money, efficiencies and creating “lean and mean” environments.

We live in an era where competitive advantage is found less and less in the products and services a company offers - mainly because the competitors are so closely aligned that the market can’t tell the difference between them. We live an era where technology is pervasive, markets open, and global competition the norm. In such an era, the only really sustainable competitive advantage is your people. This is why there is currently a “war for talent” in every industry across the globe.
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A is for Apple, BEE is for Business. Part 3: The Solution

In the past two e-zines, John Maxwell has outlined the BEE question and the BEE problem. Now, in this final contribution, he focuses on one of the possible solutions to BEE. He is involved with an innovative Trust that is changing how BEE is done, and taking it to where it was intended to be: grass roots upliftment of South African society. TomorrowToday does not necessarily endorse John’s trust, but we fully support innovation and community development. Read and enjoy!

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NOT always better on the big screen

CinemaSouth Africa’s top cinema chain, Ster Kinekor, uses the tagline, “Always better on our big screen” in their advertising. Well, the last few times I’ve gone out to a cinema, I’ve had exactly the opposite experience.

I have previously complained on this blog about the way in which cinemas lie to us. They don’t let us take in food and drinks bought outside of their own concession stands, and they make up all sorts of stupid reasons for this. The real reason, of course, is that they charge a small fortune for their food and drink, and make a hefty chunk of their profit there.

But last night’s issue was that in a 16 rated movie (The Last King of Scotland), a woman came in with her husband/boyfriend, another female friend and a toddler who couldn’t have been more than 2 years old. The guy went to sit down near the middle of the theatre, and the women sat at the back. As the movie started, the woman walked down, and dumped the child on the guy’s lap and then went back to her seat. The child was niggling, crying and chirping all the way through the movie. The guy was disinterested, then just allowed the toddler to wander around the cinema. The child was friendly enough - climbing onto people and talking to everyone.

Meanwhile the mother was taking phone calls on her mobile!! What chaos and distraction! My wife actually went out to call cinema staff, but they did nothing.

If cinemas want people to flock to their venues, they are going to have to create an envrionment where it is better on their big screens. At the moment, it is not!

A is for Apple, BEE is for Business (part 2)

John MaxwellJohn Maxwell, co-founder and administrator of the Nkomazi Community Trust, examines Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) and points out some flaws within the current implementation. Telling the story of a BEE deal gone wrong John shows that BBBEE is much more than merely black ownership and control. He then discusses two difficulties: attracting black investors and finding the right ones.

This is the second article in a series by John on BEE. The first article can be found at http://www.tmtd.biz/2006/09/27/bee-part-1/ Continue reading ‘A is for Apple, BEE is for Business (part 2)’

Facing up to problems and their solutions

In this article, Aiden deals with the complex issue of change management, convincingly showing why many of today’s interventions fail. He provides a new starting point, using Organisational Narrative Mapping as a mechanism for profound change.
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A is for Apple, BEE is for Business (part 1)

In the first of a three part series, John Maxwell, co-founder and administrator of an exciting new venture, the Nkomazi Community Trust, looks at various responses to Black Economic Empowerment strategies in South Africa. He offers a broad introduction to the current BEE landscape, and suggests that companies have a responsibility to societal development and change.

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Creating a culture for engagement

Tomorrow, I am speaking at South Africa’s “Best Company to Work For 2006” awards ceremony (live on Summit TV from about 8am). In preparation for this, the organisers sent me information on “Employee Engagement”, the theme of this year’s awards.

They sent an excellent article by Rich Wellins and Jim Concelman, “Creating a culture for engagement”. (Read it in full here, or download the PDF here.)

Some of the key points:

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Gurus

The reason businessmen speak of gurus is because they cannot spell the word “charlatan”.

Courtesy of The Witch Doctors by Micklethwait & Wooldridge. For those of you that want to make sure that somoeone actually said this, please note that I have intentionally left out the reference to American businessmen because the example is equally relevant on a global scale.